
一 | Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。

二 | 新加坡,凭借其卓越的教育体系、前沿的基础设施和优越的商业环境,成功吸引了全球投资者的目光,成为中小企业成长的沃土。根据经济学人智库(EIU)近期发布的经商环境排名(BusinessEnvironment Rankings),新加坡在82个国家和地区当中排名第一。但面对公司注册时的地址选择,许多初出茅庐的老板们可能会感到迷茫:能不能用自家的住宅地址注册公司? 别急,小编今天就来给大家一一指点迷津。想要把家变成办公室?没问题,但得先了解这些细节。自2003年6月10日起,建屋局和市区重建局联手推出了家庭办公室计划,让创业者们能以自家地址注册公司。但这里有个前提:如果你住在建屋局的公寓,得先征得HDB的同意;如果是私宅,就得向市区重建局URA申请许可。另外,在把家变成办公场所前,有两件事得掂量掂量:首先,你的住址将不再是秘密,任何人都能查到,这意味着你的隐私将受到一定影响。其次,作为注册办公地点,你的家每周至少得有五天,每天至少开放五小时。

三 | 家庭办公室还有一系列限制和要求,比如: 你不能聘请超过两名非居民员工。外部不能有商业广告或标识。

四 | 要确保没有烟雾、灰尘、异味或噪音,以免给邻居带来不便。那么,哪些行业可以在内政部计划下使用家庭地址办公呢? 比如会计、咨询(商业、IT、管理、教育都行)、设计、广告、房地产中介、运输服务,还有技术型或知识密集型的小企业。

五 | 这些企业一般规模不大,员工少,老板自己就是骨干,而且很少在家接待客户。但是,别以为所有行业都能这么干。有些行业是被内政部计划拒之门外的,比如零售店、补习班、餐馆、销售或营销研讨会、美发或按摩服务、算命,还有制造业等。

六 | 这些行业要么客户多,要么不适合在家经营。目前,无论是公司注册证书还是Bizfile,股东和董事的个人信息页面都会展示他们的地址,这些地址通常是他们登记的居住地。

七 | 但新加坡警方最近发现,这些个人信息可能被不法分子利用,用于骚扰、色情活动或高利贷等不当行为。为了应对这一问题,新加坡国会要求未来新注册的公司将要求提供两个地址:联络地址和居住地址。 ACRA将只把联络地址公开在Bizfile上,并且这个联络地址必须是可以通过邮寄方式联系到的,比如一个办公室地址。

八 | 这样的措施将有助于保护个人隐私,同时确保企业信息的可访问性和透明度。
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